Arabic grammar
Schema
wand to separate.
Articles
- no indefinite articles a/an, but do have definite articles
el
Nouns
- all n and adj are either m or f.
- f usually ends with the letter
xvshort a only found in the end of words -ecm[eam] mother,ecxvt, sister,bnt[bint] daughter or girl
Collective Plural
djejho[dajaaj] chicken: collective plural, a singular, referring to an entire group or category.
Adjectives
- follows the nouns, agree on genders with the nouns
- color
- nationality m, just add the letter y to the end of the country
Adverbs
ecydcavealso.
Personal Pronouns
| pronouns | feminine | masculine | |
|---|---|---|---|
| you | ecanti [-an;ti]. |
ecant [-an;ta]. |
|
| she, he | hy [hiyya]. |
hw [huwwa]. |
Possessive pronouns
- family members
- my - if the words don't end in
ho.- add
yat the of the noun, it means something of mine
- add
- your
- Your m -ak
icbnk[a--bnak] m your son
- Your f -ik
icbnk[a--bnik] your son
- Your m -ak
- all words endings in ة sound [at]
Verb roots
- am, is, are not expressed in Arabic
trilateral root, mostly 9 forms
- form-1 general meaning
- form-7 prefix
in-to form-1 verbs - reflexive and/or passive version - form-8 prefix
i-to form-1 verbs and add a Sukuun (stop sound) on 1st radical - reflexive, or specially derived meaning relative. - form-10 prefix
ista-to the form-1 verbs, insert t - considerative version, to consider someone to have the quality of form-1 verb; often a requestive version request or seak sth for oneself - form-9 rare prefix
i-to form-1 verbs, add a Sukuun on 1st radical, add apShadda to the last radical - related to colors turning
- form-7 prefix
- form-2
p2nd - causative, insensitive version- form-5 prefix
ta-to form-2 verbs - reflexive version, usually intransitive; sometimes an intensive version of form 1
- form-5 prefix
- form-3 add
abetween 1st and 2nd - associative meaning: to or with- form-6 prefix ta- to form-3 verbs - reflexive version, usually intransitive
- form-4 prefix
a-andpto 1st - usually causative
Verb conjugations
- Egyptian verbs conjugations are easier than
elgrbyho elfscxyoModern Standard Arabic.- fully marked
olgarabiypahou olfuscxayoao
- fully marked
Possession
- at + sub + obj -
gnd jwdy jekyt jamylat Judy jacket pretty -> Judy has a pretty jacket
Preposition
magawith sth.gnabout sth.
Question
- Yes or No Questions begins with the word
halwithout literal translation but a signifier.